ETP sas - technical terms

	TECHINICAL TERMS
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THE MOST IMPORTANT TECHNICAL TERMS and THEIR MEANING (universality)

AGMA
American Gear Manufactures Association

ANTIWEAR AGENT
Chemical additive to prevent or reduce wear, friction, scoring under certain conditions of boundary lubrication

API
American Petroleum Institute

AROMATIC
Unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon (benzene ring)

ASTM
American Society for Testing and Material

CONRADSON CARBON RESIDUE TEST
Test to determine the weight percentage of carbonaceous residue made in ASTM standard procedure

cSt
Centistokes (s. viscosity)

DN FACTOR
Speed factor (bearings)

DROPPING POINT
Value of temperature at which a grease change from a semi-solid to a liquid state

EP
Extreme Pressure

EP ADDITIVES
Chemical additive to prevent or reduce friction, wear and scoring under certain conditions of boundary lubrication

FALEX WEAR TEST
Determines the antiwear properties or extreme pressure of one oil or grease

FLASH POINT
Lowest temperature at which an oil gives off sufficient vapours to ignite but not continuing to born (Cleveland Open Cup Test)

FOUR-BALL EP TEST
Test made with four balls arranged in form of a tetrahedron to determine the EP characteristic of lubricants by means of load scar measured in m/m and weld point measured in kg.

FOUR-BALL WEAR TEST
Test to determine the wear preventive properties under condition of boundary lubrication. The test is made under specific speed, temperature and load conditions with four balls arranged as tetrahedron. Results are measured in m/m.

FRETTING
Extremely fine particles removed by the action of adhesive forces between bearing surfaces. Also called false Brinelling.

GREASE
Lubricant fluid and thickener

H1
USDA Code that includes lubricants for which accidental contact with the food products is possible. Formerly AA.

H2
USDA Code that includes lubricants for which the accidental contact with the food products is excluded ISO International Standard Organization. Has devised a system which accurately describes the viscosity of industrial oils.

NAPHTHENES
Saturated, cyclic hydrocarbons

NLGI
National Lubricating Grease Institute. Professional Association of companies manufacturing or selling all types of industrial lubricant greases

NLGI PENETRATION NUMBER
Physical test established by National Lubricant Grease Institute to define the consistency (hardness or softness) of one grease at 25°C/77 °F. The test is made with an instrument called "penetrometer" that measures in tenths of m/m the depth of penetration. Penetrations are generally made on grease which has been worked of 60 strokes in a grease working device. The time of the test in measured in five second. Softer grease has higher penetration numbers ; harder grease has lower penetration numbers.

OXIDATION
Chemical combination of oxygen with organic material

PARAFFINS
Saturated, straight chain hydrocarbons. High content in wax, excellent oxidation resistance

POUR POINT
Lower temperature at which oil will pour

SAE
Society of Automotive Engineers

SEIZING
The result when the lubrication fails

STLE
Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers (in the past time called ASLE)

SUS
Saybolt Universal Second (see Viscosity)

TIMKEN EP TEST
Steel cup (ring) rotating against a steel block and lubricated by the test fluid. The test is successful when, increasing loads for various times until the maximum load, no visual of welding or seizing appears

USDA
United State Department of Agriculture. Establishes all the food greases and approves for H 1 or H2

VISCOSITY
Measures a liquid resistance to flow at specific temperatures.
Three types of measurements:
SAYBOLT UNIVERSAL VISCOSITY
Measured the time required in seconds (SUS) of a fixed volume to flow through a standard tube at 100 °F or 210 °F
ENGLER DEGREES
Represent the relative fluidity of one oil compared to water at the same temperature. The Engler’s viscosity is determined at 20 °C- 50 °C- 100 °C
KINEMATIC VISCOSITY
Measured by rate of flow through capillary tubes which permit highly accurate measurement. Kinematic viscosity is calculated in centistokes and measured at standard Farenheit and Celsius temperatures.

VISCOSITY INDEX
Measurement of the rate at which the viscosity of the oil will change when the temperature increases or decreases. Viscosity index doesn’t necessarily indicate the quality of the oil.

FZG TEST
Forschungsstelle fur Zahnrader und Getriebebau (Technical Institute for the Study of Gears and Drive Mechanisms) is used to measure antiwear and antiscuffing properties of gear oils.